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DBMS > HyperSQL vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websitehsqldb.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
github.com/­google/­leveldbgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.immudb.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.md
DeveloperCodenotaryGoogle8Kdata
Initial release2001202020112016
Current release2.7.2, June 20231.2.3, April 20221.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoC++Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like syntaxno
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLnono
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBImmudbLevelDBToroDB
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