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DBMS > HyperSQL vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentWidely used in-process key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBSearch engineKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Vector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score5.52
Rank#59  Overall
#6  Search engines
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitehsqldb.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2learn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperIBMMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20011983 infohost version201519941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release2.7.2, June 202312.1, October 2016V118.1.40, May 202016.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial infofree version is availablecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesnoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLyesnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing Azure authenticationnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure AI SearchOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQL
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