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DBMS > Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHive  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
Descriptiondata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitehive.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasewww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homelearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdoc.nuodb.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation
Initial release2012201420131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2014
Current release3.1.3, April 202216.3, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CScala
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Thrift
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJavaScriptJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
TriggersnoJavaScriptyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducewith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID infotunable commit protocolACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoTemporary tablenono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and rolesAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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HiveMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNuoDBPostgreSQLSpark SQL
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