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DBMS > Heroic vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RRDtool vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Heroic vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RRDtool vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#132  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#345  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-exploreross.oetiker.ch/­rrdtooltinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-exploreross.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
DeveloperSpotifyLeanXcaleMicrosoftTobias Oetiker
Initial release20142015201919992009
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases1.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSSOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# availableJava
Server operating systemshostedHP-UX
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possibleno
Secondary indexesyes infovia Elasticsearchall fields are automatically indexednono
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infothrough Apache DerbyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnono
APIs and other access methodsHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
in-process shared library
Pipes
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.nonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
nonenone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnonono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemonno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationnono

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More resources
HeroicLeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRRDtoolTinkerGraph
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