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DBMS > atoti vs. Heroic vs. Kuzu vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison atoti vs. Heroic vs. Kuzu vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameatoti  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonKuzu  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn in-memory DBMS combining transactional and analytical processing to handle the aggregation of ever-changing data.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchAn embeddable property Graph DBMS built for query speed and scalabilityA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelObject oriented DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.61
Rank#243  Overall
#10  Object oriented DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#402  Overall
#41  Graph DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteatoti.iogithub.com/­spotify/­heroickuzudb.comwww.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.atoti.iospotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.kuzudb.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperActiveViamSpotifyLeanXcaleMicrosoft
Initial release2014202220152019
Current release0.4.2, May 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree versions availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsserver-lesshosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyes infovia Elasticsearchnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLMultidimensional Expressions (MDX)nonoyes infothrough Apache DerbyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
CLI Client
Cypher Query Language
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Python
Rust
C
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPythonnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
atotiHeroicKuzuLeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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