DBMS > HBase vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison HBase vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	27.97
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

hbase.apache.org

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

hbase.apache.org/book.html

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2008

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

2019

Current release

2.3.4, January 2021

11.2, May 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Coprocessors in Java

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Ingres Replicator

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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