DBMS > H2 vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SurrealDB vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. OrientDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SurrealDB vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Scalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Document store
Graph DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#89	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#13	Key-value stores

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

tempoiq.com (offline)

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

www.postgresql.org/docs

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Thomas Mueller

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

SurrealDB Ltd

TempoIQ

Initial release

2005

2010

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2022

2012

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

3.2.29, March 2024

16.3, May 2024

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

Java

Rust

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

HTTP API

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

C#
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, Javascript

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Hooks

yes

Realtime Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

simple authentication-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

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