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DBMS > H2 vs. Neo4j vs. OceanBase vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Neo4j vs. OceanBase vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOceanBase  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA distributed, high available RDBMS compatible with Oracle and MySQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score1.57
Rank#149  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.h2database.comneo4j.comen.oceanbase.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlneo4j.com/­docsen.oceanbase.com/­docs/­oceanbase-databasewww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerNeo4j, Inc.OceanBase infopreviously Alibaba and Ant GroupJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2005200720102019
Current release2.2.220, July 20235.20, May 20244.3.0, April 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoCommercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaC++Clojure
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Proprietary native API
Table API
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Ada infoin MySQL-compatible model
C infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
C++ infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
D infoin MySQL-compatible model
Delphi infoin MySQL-compatible model
Eiffel infoin MySQL-compatible model
Erlang infoin MySQL-compatible model
Haskell infoin MySQL-compatible model
Java infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
JavaScript (Node.js) infoin MySQL-compatible model
Objective-C infoin MySQL-compatible model
OCaml infoin MySQL-compatible model
Perl infoin MySQL-compatible model
PHP infoin MySQL-compatible model
Python infoin MySQL-compatible model
Ruby infoin MySQL-compatible model
Scheme infoin MySQL-compatible model
Tcl infoin MySQL-compatible model
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsPL/SQL in oracle-compatible mode, MySQL Stored Procedure in mysql-compatible modeno
Triggersyesyes infovia event handleryesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes using Neo4j Fabrichorizontal partitioning (by hash, key, range, range columns, list, and list columns)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication using Paxosyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
H2Neo4jOceanBaseXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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