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DBMS > H2 vs. MySQL vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. MySQL vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1061.34
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#334  Overall
#148  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.mysql.comneo4j.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.html
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldev.mysql.com/­docneo4j.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.html
DeveloperThomas MuellerOracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunNeo4j, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTransaction Software GmbH
Initial release2005199520071989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1987
Current release2.2.220, July 20238.4.0, April 20245.20, May 202416.3, May 2024Transbase 8.3, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infofree development license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++Java, ScalaCC and C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languagesJavaAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoproprietary syntaxyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handleryesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabricyes using Neo4j Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
H2MySQLNeo4jPostgreSQLTransbase
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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