DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. OrientDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.94
Rank	#197	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#89	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#13	Key-value stores

Website

www.h2database.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

orientdb.org

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

doc.nuodb.com

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release

2005

1989

2013

2010

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, SQL

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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