DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MySQL vs. PostGIS vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MySQL vs. PostGIS vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Widely used open source RDBMS

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	21.72
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.mysql.com

postgis.net

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

dev.mysql.com/doc

postgis.net/documentation

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2005

2014

1995

2005

2014

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

8.4.0, April 2024

3.4.2, February 2024

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

C and C++

C++, Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

JavaScript

yes

proprietary syntax

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

based on PostgreSQL

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

yes

based on PostgreSQL

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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