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DBMS > etcd vs. H2 vs. Memgraph vs. TimescaleDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. H2 vs. Memgraph vs. TimescaleDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMemgraph  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4jA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.02
Rank#98  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.h2database.commemgraph.comwww.timescale.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmemgraph.com/­docsdocs.timescale.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterFacebookGitHubDiscord
DeveloperThomas MuellerMemgraph LtdTimescaleOpenLink Software
Initial release2005201720171998
Current release3.4, August 20192.2.220, July 20232.13.0, November 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC and C++CC
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
All OS with a Java VMLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Java.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes, watching key changesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infodynamic graph partitioningyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes inforelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infowith snapshot isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissionsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdH2MemgraphTimescaleDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMemgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesBusiness Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosGraph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsYou can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
etcdH2MemgraphTimescaleDBVirtuoso
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