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DBMS > H2 vs. MaxDB vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. MaxDB vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Websitewww.h2database.commaxdb.sap.comneo4j.comorientdb.orgwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationneo4j.com/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperThomas MuellerSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Neo4j, Inc.OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release20051984200720102017
Current release2.2.220, July 20237.9.10.12, February 20245.20, May 20243.2.29, March 20246.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaC++Java, ScalaJavaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesnoSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava, Javascript
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handlerHooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replicationreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurableRoles, resources, and access types
More information provided by the system vendor
H2MaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DNeo4jOrientDBRDFox
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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