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DBMS > H2 vs. Manticore Search vs. PostgreSQL vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Manticore Search vs. PostgreSQL vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonManticore Search  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multi-storage database for search, including full-text search.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSTime Series DBMS infousing the Manticore Columnar LibraryDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.22
Rank#312  Overall
#21  Search engines
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.h2database.commanticoresearch.comwww.postgresql.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmanual.manticoresearch.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosowww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerManticore SoftwarePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOpenLink SoftwareJuxt Ltd.
Initial release200520171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19982019
Current release2.2.220, July 20236.0, February 202316.3, May 20247.2.11, September 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaC++CCClojure
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesFixed schemayesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesInt, Bigint, Float, Timestamp, Bit, Int array, Bigint array, JSON, Booleanyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noCan index from XMLyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infofull-text index on all search fieldsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Binary API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/SQL API
SQL over MySQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesJavaElixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoVirtuoso PLno
Triggersyesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoPartitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supportedpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSynchronous replication based on Galera librarySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes infoisolated transactions for atomic changes and binary logging for safe writesACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoThe original contents of fields are not stored in the Manticore index.yesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
H2Manticore SearchPostgreSQLVirtuosoXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
H2Manticore SearchPostgreSQLVirtuosoXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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