DBMS > H2 vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TerminusDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.22
Rank	#306	Overall
	#138	Relational DBMS

Score	72.95
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.19
Rank	#311	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

google.github.io/lovefield

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Google

Microsoft

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2005

2014

2010

2018

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

V12

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

Java

JavaScript

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020
4 January 2021, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

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12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years
7 February 2017, Matthias Gelbmann

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