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DBMS > H2 vs. Kingbase vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Kingbase vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Widely used in-process key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.kingbase.com.cnwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2005199919941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release2.2.220, July 2023V8.0, August 202118.1.40, May 202016.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and JavaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesStandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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