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DBMS > H2 vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Percona Server for MySQL

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Percona Server for MySQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MySQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerEnhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#122  Overall
#57  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.kingbase.com.cnazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.percona.com/­software/­mysql-database/­percona-server
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.percona.com/­downloads/­Percona-Server-LATEST
DeveloperThomas MuellerBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.MicrosoftMicrosoftPercona
Initial release20051999201020162008
Current release2.2.220, July 2023V8.0, August 2021V128.0.36-28, 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC and JavaC++C++C and C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesStandard with numerous extensionsyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functionsTransact SQLTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
H2KingbaseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePercona Server for MySQL
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