DBMS > H2 vs. Immudb vs. SAP HANA vs. SQLite vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Immudb vs. SAP HANA vs. SQLite vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#316	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

www.sqlite.org

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.immudb.io

help.sap.com/hana

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Codenotary

SAP

Dwayne Richard Hipp

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2005

2020

2010

2000

2018

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Appliance or cloud-service

server-less

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

SQLScript, R

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

none

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

none

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Role-based access control

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