DBMS > H2 vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ReductStore vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ReductStore vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Designed to manage unstructured time-series data efficiently, providing unique features such as storing time-stamped blobs with labels, customizable data retention policies, and a straightforward FIFO quota system.

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.05
Rank	#384	Overall
	#44	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Website

www.h2database.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/reductstore
www.reduct.store

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.reduct.store/docs

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Codenotary

Microsoft

ReductStore LLC

STS Soft SC

Initial release

2005

2020

1989

2023

2011

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.9, March 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Business Source License 1.1

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

C++, Rust

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

HTTP API

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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