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DBMS > H2 vs. Ignite vs. Immudb vs. Kinetica vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Ignite vs. Immudb vs. Kinetica vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonIgnite  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Apache Ignite is a memory-centric distributed database, caching, and processing platform for transactional, analytical, and streaming workloads, delivering in-memory speeds at petabyte scale.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Key-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.11
Rank#96  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#49  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.66
Rank#234  Overall
#107  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comignite.apache.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.kinetica.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlapacheignite.readme.io/­docsdocs.immudb.iodocs.kinetica.comwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerApache Software FoundationCodenotaryKineticaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20052015202020121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release2.2.220, July 2023Apache Ignite 2.61.2.3, April 20227.1, August 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++, Java, .NetGoC, C++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesANSI-99 for query and DML statements, subset of DDLSQL-like syntaxSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HDFS API
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJavaC#
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes (compute grid and cache interceptors can be used instead)nouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyes (cache interceptors and events)noyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes (replicated cache)Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes (compute grid and hadoop accelerator)nonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAMno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardSecurity Hooks for custom implementationsAccess rights for users and roles on table levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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