DBMS > H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LeanXcale vs. Newts vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LeanXcale vs. Newts vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	3.90
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	0.35
Rank	#283	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#128	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#396	Overall
	#42	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.71
Rank	#231	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.h2database.com

hsqldb.org

www.leanxcale.com

opennms.github.io/newts

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

github.com/OpenNMS/newts/wiki

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Thomas Mueller

LeanXcale

OpenNMS Group

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2005

2001

2015

2014

2004

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

HTTP REST
Java API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
Java
Scala

Java

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

based on Cassandra

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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