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DBMS > H2 vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.harperdb.ioazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperThomas MuellerHarperDBMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2005201720101989
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.1, August 2021V12SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree community edition availablecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaNode.jsC++C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
hostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON data typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like data manipulation statementsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Transact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clustertables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedyes, with always 3 replicas availableyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, using LMDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
H2HarperDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft SQL Server
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