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DBMS > H2 vs. HarperDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HarperDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.harperdb.iohsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.harperdb.io/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperThomas MuellerHarperDBMicrosoft
Initial release2005201720012010
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.1, August 20212.7.2, June 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaNode.jsJavaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshosted
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON data typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like data manipulation statementsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Java, SQLTransact SQL
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusternone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definednoneyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, using LMDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
H2HarperDBHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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