DBMS > H2 vs. HarperDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Immudb

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HarperDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Immudb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.55
Rank	#248	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Website

www.h2database.com

www.harperdb.io

hsqldb.org

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.harperdb.io/docs

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.immudb.io

Developer

Thomas Mueller

HarperDB

Codenotary

Initial release

2005

2017

2001

2020

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

3.1, August 2021

2.7.2, June 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

free community edition available

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Node.js

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like data manipulation statements

yes

SQL-like syntax

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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21 June 2023, TechCrunch

Codenotary launches cloud version of tamper-proof database
27 June 2023, SC Media

A Step by Step Guide to immudb — the open source immutable database
18 May 2020, hackernoon.com

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

provided by Google News

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