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DBMS > H2 vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Immudb vs. Kyligence Enterprise vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HEAVY.AI vs. Immudb vs. Kyligence Enterprise vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonKyligence Enterprise  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A distributed analytics engine for big data, built on top of Apache KylinWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1.64
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.46
Rank#266  Overall
#124  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comgithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
github.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
kyligence.io/­kyligence-enterprisewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.heavy.aidocs.immudb.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerHEAVY.AI, Inc.CodenotaryKyligence, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20052016202020161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release2.2.220, July 20235.10, January 20221.2.3, April 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++ and CUDAGoJavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinuxBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like syntaxANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesJavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoRound robinShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
H2HEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022ImmudbKyligence EnterprisePostgreSQL
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