DBMS > H2 vs. HBase vs. LeanXcale vs. MarkLogic

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HBase vs. LeanXcale vs. MarkLogic

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Wide column store

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	5.92
Rank	#58	Overall
	#10	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#6	Search engines

Website

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hbase.apache.org/book.html

docs.marklogic.com

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

LeanXcale

MarkLogic Corp.

Initial release

2005

2008

2015

2001

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

2.3.4, January 2021

11.0, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

yes

SQL92

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

Java

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

C
Java
Scala

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Coprocessors in Java

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, with Range Indexes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloudera's HBase PaaS offering now supports Complex Transactions
11 August 2021, Krishna Maheshwari (sponsor)

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13 May 2013, Paul Andlinger

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