DBMS > H2 vs. HBase vs. HyperSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HBase vs. HyperSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	27.97
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

hbase.apache.org

hsqldb.org

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hbase.apache.org/book.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Vesoft Inc.

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2005

2008

2001

2019

2014

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

2.3.4, January 2021

2.7.2, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

Strong typed schema

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Java

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Coprocessors in Java

Java, SQL

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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