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DBMS > Greenplum vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDFox vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison Greenplum vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDFox vs. SingleStore

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.37
Rank#48  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score5.60
Rank#62  Overall
#35  Relational DBMS
Websitegreenplum.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orgwww.oxfordsemantic.techwww.singlestore.com
Technical documentationdocs.greenplum.orgdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.techdocs.singlestore.com
DeveloperPivotal Software Inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOxford Semantic TechnologiesSingleStore Inc.
Initial release200520161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20172013
Current release7.0.0, September 202316.3, May 20246.0, Septermber 20228.5, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial infofree developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC++C++, Go
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux info64 bit version required
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infosince Version 4.2noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes infobut no triggers and foreign keys
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
Java
Perl
Python
R
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
Java
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infohash partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsreplication via a shared file systemSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access typesFine grained access control via users, groups and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
GreenplumMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLRDFoxSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
Specific characteristicsSingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more
Competitive advantagesSingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more
Typical application scenariosDriving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more
Key customersIEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more
Market metricsCustomers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsF ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

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More resources
GreenplumMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLRDFoxSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL
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