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DBMS > Greenplum vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. openGauss vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Greenplum vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. openGauss vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonopenGauss  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with high-performance, high-availability and high-performance originally developed by HuaweiRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.08
Rank#48  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#184  Overall
#84  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitegreenplum.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergitee.com/­opengauss
opengauss.org
rdf4j.org
Technical documentationdocs.greenplum.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.opengauss.org/­en
gitee.com/­opengauss/­docs
rdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperPivotal Software Inc.GoogleMicrosoftHuawei and openGauss communitySince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20052011201920192004
Current release7.0.0, September 20231.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.0, March 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C, C++, JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infosince Version 4.2noyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetANSI SQL 2011no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
Java
Perl
Python
R
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Java
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesyes
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardno

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GreenplumLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExploreropenGaussRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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