DBMS > chDB vs. eXtremeDB vs. GraphDB vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison chDB vs. eXtremeDB vs. GraphDB vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embedded SQL OLAP Engine powered by ClickHouse

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.07
Rank	#376	Overall
	#158	Relational DBMS

Score	0.80
Rank	#214	Overall
	#99	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#91	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	0.94
Rank	#197	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/chdb-io/chdb

www.mcobject.com

www.ontotext.com

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

doc.chdb.io

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

doc.nuodb.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Social network pages

Developer

McObject

Ontotext

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Oracle

Initial release

2023

2001

2000

2013

1980

Current release

8.2, 2021

10.4, October 2023

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

server-less

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

support of XML interfaces available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

Bun
C
C++
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Java, SQL

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

by defining events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning / sharding

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

Multi-source replication

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Competitive advantages

eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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Typical application scenarios

IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Key customers

Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Market metrics

With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing models

For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.