DBMS > GraphDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Neo4j vs. Tarantool vs. TerminusDB
System Properties Comparison GraphDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Neo4j vs. Tarantool vs. TerminusDB
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| Name | GraphDB  former name: OWLIM Xexclude from comparison | Hazelcast Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | Tarantool Xexclude from comparison | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL. | A widely adopted in-memory data grid | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications | Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS RDF store | Key-value store | Graph DBMS | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store JSON support with IMDG 3.12 | Spatial DBMS with Tarantool/GIS extension | Document store RDF store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.ontotext.com | hazelcast.com | neo4j.com | www.tarantool.io | terminusdb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation | hazelcast.org/imdg/docs | neo4j.com/docs | www.tarantool.io/en/doc | terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/# | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Social network pages |      | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Ontotext | Hazelcast | Neo4j, Inc. | VK | DataChemist Ltd. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2000 | 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 10.4, October 2023 | 5.3.6, November 2023 | 5.19, April 2024 | 2.10.0, May 2022 | 11.0.0, January 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced | Open Source Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise | Open Source GPL V3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | Java | Java | Java, Scala | C and C++ | Prolog, Rust | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | All OS with a Java VM Linux OS X Windows | All OS with a Java VM | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | BSD Linux macOS | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes | schema-free | schema-free and schema-optional | Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes the object must implement a serialization strategy | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes | yes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC | SQL-like query language | no | Full-featured ANSI SQL support | SQL-like query language (WOQL) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | GeoSPARQL GraphQL GraphQL Federation Java API JDBC RDF4J API RDFS RIO Sail API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SPARQL 1.1 | JCache JPA Memcached protocol RESTful HTTP API | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph MapperRESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | Open binary protocol | OWL RESTful HTTP API WOQL (Web Object Query Language) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C# Clojure Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C# C++ Clojure Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python Scala | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | C C# C++ Erlang Go Java JavaScript Lua Perl PHP Python Rust | JavaScript Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility | yes Event Listeners, Executor Services | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | Lua, C and SQL stored procedures | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes Events | yes via event handler | yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | Sharding | yes using Neo4j Fabric | Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime. | Graph Partitioning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication | yes Replicated Map | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Asynchronous replication with multi-master option Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star) Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft) | Journaling Streams | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | yes | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request) | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user Raft Consensus Algorithm | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Casual consistency across sharding partitions Eventual consistency within replicaset partition when using asyncronous replicationImmediate Consistency within single instance Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition when using Raft | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes Constraint checking | no | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | one or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commited | ACID | ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes, cooperative multitasking | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes, write ahead logging | yes in-memory journaling | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on. | Role-based access control | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | Access Control Lists Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise Password based authentication Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise Users and Roles | Role-based access control | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GraphDB former name: OWLIM | Hazelcast | Neo4j | Tarantool | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition... » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | Understanding the Graph Center of Excellence Migrating From LPG to RDF Graph Model Case study: Policy Enforcement Automation With Semantics Okay, RAG… We Have a Problem Scaling Understanding with the Help of Feedback Loops, Knowledge Graphs and NLP | Neo4j Joins the Connect with Confluent Partner Program 10 Inspiring Projects to Spark Your NODES 2024 Presentation New Security Feature in Neo4j Aura: Customer Managed Keys Safeguarding Elections: How Graph Technology Powers Groundbreaking Research on Political Ads This Week in Neo4j: GraphRAG, Testcontainers, Metadata Management, App Dev and more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GraphDB former name: OWLIM | Hazelcast | Neo4j | Tarantool | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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