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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TiDB vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpingcap.comtypedb.com
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stabletypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftPingCAP, Inc.Vaticle
Initial release2010201920162016
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases8.0.0, March 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation language.NET and CGo, RustJava
Server operating systems.NEThostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning (by key range)Sharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infowith TiSpark Connectoryes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infofull support since version 6.6no infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTiDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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