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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Realm vs. STSdb vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Realm vs. STSdb vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score0.04
Rank#360  Overall
#52  Key-value stores
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrealm.iogithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4pingcap.com
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrealm.io/­docsdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019STS Soft SCPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20102019201420112016
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases4.0.8, September 20158.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation language.NET and CC#Go, Rust
Server operating systems.NEThostedAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
WindowsLinux
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnonoyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client APIGORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
C#
Java
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessarynono
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoChange Listenersnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonenonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.nonenoneUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoIn-Memory realmno
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationyesnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRealmSTSdbTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRealmSTSdbTiDB
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