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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TimescaleDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used in-process key-value storeA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.timescale.com
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleTimescale
Initial release2010201919942017
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases18.1.40, May 20202.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C
Server operating systems.NEThostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnonumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracle Berkeley DBTimescaleDB
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