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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.iowww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperMicrosoftThomas MuellerMicrosoftApache Software FoundationAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release20102005201620142012
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CJavaC++ScalaJava
Server operating systems.NETAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
JavaC#
Java
PHP
Java
Python
R
Scala
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLnoyes
Triggersnoyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark Coreyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesnoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityH2Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSpark SQLTitan
DB-Engines blog posts

Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years
3 March 2015, Paul Andlinger

Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category
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