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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitewww.graphengine.iowww.h2database.comhsqldb.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
rdf4j.org
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.nebula-graph.iordf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperMicrosoftThomas MuellerVesoft Inc.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20102005200120192004
Current release2.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation language.NET and CJavaJavaC++Java
Server operating systems.NETAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesStrong typed schemayes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLuser defined functionsyes
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningnonenoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocolnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBNebulaGraphRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBNebulaGraphRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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