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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle vs. RethinkDB vs. TimesTen vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Oracle vs. RethinkDB vs. TimesTen vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used RDBMSDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.oracle.com/­databaserethinkdb.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databaserethinkdb.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperGoogleOracleThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 20058Kdata
Initial release20171980200919982016
Current release23c, September 20232.4.1, August 202011 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infowith proprietary extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblePL/SQL
TriggersnoyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding inforange basednoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno infocan be realized in PL/SQLyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedAtomic single-document operationsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCC basedyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissionsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerOracleRethinkDBTimesTenToroDB
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