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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.55
Rank#80  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.postgresql.orgtrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docstrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release201720121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2014
Current release16.4, August 20242.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageCC++, Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationoptimistic lockingACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Table StoragePostgreSQLTrafodion
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Conferences, events and webinars

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

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