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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RethinkDB vs. TimesTen vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RethinkDB vs. TimesTen vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score0.88
Rank#203  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserethinkdb.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlvitess.io
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrethinkdb.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1vitess.io/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005The Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release20172010200919982013
Current releaseV122.4.1, August 202011 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)15.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Go
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnoyesyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLPL/SQLyes infoproprietary syntax
TriggersnoyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding inforange basednoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDAtomic single-document operationsACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCC basedyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissionsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRethinkDBTimesTenVitess
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