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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. mSQL vs. Oracle Rdb vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. mSQL vs. Oracle Rdb vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServermSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.27
Rank#169  Overall
#76  Relational DBMS
Score1.14
Rank#178  Overall
#80  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasehughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftHughes TechnologiesOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)8Kdata
Initial release20172010199419842016
Current releaseV124.4, October 20217.4.1.1, 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree licenses can be providedcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
HP Open VMSAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggersyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoyes, on a single nodeno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesnoyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzuremSQL infoMini SQLOracle RdbToroDB
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