DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutions

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	2.32
Rank	#112	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	44.69
Rank	#22	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

maxdb.sap.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

maxdb.sap.com/documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

help.sap.com/hana

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Google

SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997

Microsoft

SAP

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2017

1984

2010

Current release

7.9.10.12, February 2024

V12

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

SQLScript, R

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

Source-replica replication

yes, with always 3 replicas available

yes

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Access rights for users and roles

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