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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environmentsSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.marklogic.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.htmlspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.marklogic.comwww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywherespark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperGoogleMarkLogic Corp.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAP infoformerly SybaseApache Software Foundation
Initial release201720011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19922014
Current release11.0, December 202216.2, February 202417, July 20153.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++CScala
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL92yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perlno
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infoDatabase mirroringnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
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