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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SpatiaLite vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SpatiaLite vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.In-memory JavaScript DBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpatial extension of SQLiteAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.44
Rank#256  Overall
#40  Document stores
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.56
Rank#142  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­indexwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docstechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.htmldocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftAlessandro FurieriOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20172014201020081998
Current releaseV125.0.0, August 2020Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC++C++
Server operating systemshostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hostedserver-lessIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JavaScript APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions in JavaScriptTransact SQLnoPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLokiJSMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpatiaLiteTimesTen
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