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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRDF storeGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbrdf4j.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdrdf4j.org/­documentationgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperGoogleGoogleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Aurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2017201120042012
Current release1.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Java
PHP
Python
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesyes
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLevelDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTitan
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