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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Qdrant vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Qdrant vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonQdrant  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matchingAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.44
Rank#258  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#145  Overall
#7  Vector DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.kingbase.com.cnazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­qdrant/­qdrant
qdrant.tech
www.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlqdrant.tech/­documentationdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.MicrosoftQdrantOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20171999201020211998
Current releaseV8.0, August 2021V12Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and JavaC++Rust
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
hostedDocker
Linux
macOS
Windows
IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumbers, Strings, Geo, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoKeywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-textyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Standard with numerous extensionsyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API infoOpenAPI 3.0
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsTransact SQLPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyes, with always 3 replicas availableCollection-level replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency, tunable consistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardKey-based authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerKingbaseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureQdrantTimesTen
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