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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.kingbase.com.cngithub.com/­google/­leveldbgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperGoogleBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.GoogleAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2017199920112012
Current releaseV8.0, August 20211.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and JavaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Standard with numerous extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsnoyes
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerKingbaseLevelDBTitan
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