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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. KeyDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. KeyDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocolsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#229  Overall
#32  Key-value stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
www.postgresql.orgwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.keydb.devwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGoogleEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release201720191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2017
Current release16.3, May 20246.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSD-3Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infoby using the Redis Search moduleyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocoADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoLuauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scriptsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)simple password-based access control and ACLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access types

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