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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Sequoiadb vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Sequoiadb vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.63
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.42
Rank#263  Overall
#41  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.sequoiadb.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleActian CorporationMicrosoftSequoiadb Ltd.Oracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201020131998
Current release12.0, July 2024V12Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C++
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinuxIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol using JSONODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQLJavaScriptPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres Replicatoryes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDDocument is locked during a transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerIngresMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSequoiadbTimesTen
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