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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. LeanXcale vs. Sequoiadb vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. LeanXcale vs. Sequoiadb vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Cloud-based data warehousing serviceA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.37
Rank#160  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score0.50
Rank#258  Overall
#41  Document stores
#120  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehousewww.leanxcale.comwww.sequoiadb.comwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperGoogleIBMLeanXcaleSequoiadb Ltd.Dwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20172014201520132000
Current release3.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinuxserver-less
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infoImport/export of XML data possiblenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infothrough Apache DerbySQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
proprietary protocol using JSONADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
C
Java
Scala
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPL/SQL, SQL PLJavaScriptno
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDDocument is locked during a transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBLeanXcaleSequoiadbSQLite
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