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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score128.46
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2learn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperGoogleIBMMicrosoftDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20171983 infohost version19892000
Current release12.1, October 2016SQL Server 2022, November 20223.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++C++C
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
server-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux Versiontables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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Navicat for SQL Server gives you a fully graphical approach to database management and development.
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Navicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft SQL ServerSQLite
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